![]() The pitch angle from the body reference axis relative to the horizontal reference is given the symbol, the angle of attack is, and is the climb or flight path angle. Understand the principles of gliding flight and the significance of the lift-to-drag ratio in determining an aircraft’s gliding performance.Ī schematic of an airplane in a climb is shown in the figure below.Appreciate the concept of a flight ceiling and the factors that will affect the attainable ceiling of an airplane.Use the basic equations for aircraft performance to set up and estimate an airplane’s climb rate under different flight conditions.Understand the factors influencing an airplane’s climb rate and the time it takes to climb to altitude.The estimation of the flight ceiling is also an essential part of the aircraft’s design, and sufficient excess thrust and power must be available to allow it to reach and cruise at an efficient operational altitude. This condition is called the operational flight ceiling. Eventually, the rate of climb will reduce to the point that the aircraft can climb no higher for all practical purposes. For an airplane to climb, it must have excess power available over and above that required for level flight at the same weight, airspeed, and altitude.Īs the airplane climbs higher and higher, its rate of climb will diminish because of the reduced thrust from the engines and the lower air density, and the values of the thrust (or power) required for flight and the thrust (or power) available begin to approach each other. OEI climb is particularly critical for twin-engine airliners, as shown in the photo below they are designed to have much larger amounts of excess thrust and power available from any one of the engines than would be used for three or four-engined airplanes. ![]() Therefore, OEI performance considerations are always an essential part of the design of all multi-engine airplanes. In the event of an engine failure called one engine inoperative (OEI), the aircraft must also be able to climb, albeit at reduced rates. Sufficient excess thrust and power margins must also be included in the event of a single engine failure to allow the aircraft to continue to climb. For an aircraft to climb then, it takes more thrust and power over and above that for level flight at the same airspeed. 39 Climbing, Ceiling & Gliding IntroductionĪfter takeoff, an aircraft needs to be able to climb quickly away from the runway into full flight and also be able to climb up to an initial cruising altitude at a reasonable rate.
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